ca 1990 at a Metro Economists Club meeting at WTC Windows on the World, the late Eli Ginzberg was asked where New York racism was headed: He poo-poo-ed it, recalling it was worse when he went to Stuyvesant, the cops had to line the streets so the Irish kids wouldn't beat all the Jewish nerds. Only after reading Sowell's Ethnic America and Glazer & Moynihan's Beyond the Melting Pot did I understand what he meant. (He also had us laughing with an "entrepreneurship" story about some lbutt who had signed up to be his TA when she wasn't even a student there) Sowell, Ethnic America, 1981 Basic ISBN 0-465-02074-7 p31 Irish brough to America a settled tradition of regarding the formal government as illegitimate, and the informal one as bearing the true impress of popular sovereignty p224 Glazer & Moynihan, Beyond Melting Pot MIT 1963 p37 The ancient Celtic culture was "hostile to literacy," O'Brien p25 and Ireland was the only major Western nation that did not build a single university during the Middle Ages p232 G&M p58 In mid-nineteenth-century America in general, according to a contemporary, a German settlement typically "becomes a nucleus of a pure German circle, which is born, marries, and dies within itself, and with the least possible mixture of Anglo-Americans" p13 Feldstein & Costello Ordeal buttmln 1984 Anchor p62 Irish considered themselves more Americanized than the Germans, and rightfully in charge of the church's efforts to acculturate them. The Germans, however, considered themselves more educated than the Irish and resented having their parishes "run by Irish ignoramuses." Ultimately, the opoe himself had to intervene to restore peace. Over the years, German, Polish and other Catholics begn to have churches manned by priests and nuns of their own ethnicity p71 Jews it produced an emphasis on the futility of the use of force and violence and reliance on their wits, resourcefulness, and perseverence in the face of adversity p88 As late a World War I, soldiers of Russian - mostly Jewish - origin averaged among the lowest mental test scores of any ethnic groups tested by the US Army Yerkes, Mem Natl Ac Sci, 1921, p68 plus 17 These results led a leading contemporay authority on tests to declare that this disproved "the popular belief that the Jew is highly intelligent" Bringham Stud Am Intel Princeton 1923 p190 p94 In short, the Jews had the social patterns and values of the middle clbutt, even when they lived in slums p96 Even boxers were denied burial in holy ground by Sephardic Jews when that sport first began in England p99 Glanz 1966 p98 Jews have not only more education but also better education - from higher quality colleges and in more demanding and remunerative fields pp88,150, Ladd & Lipset Divided Academy MGH 1975 p101 "Not only each region, but each town, feels itself a self-contained, unique culture, its people feeling no kinship with those even a few miles away" Gambino, Blod of my Blood, 1974, p70-1 p110 Italian immigrants who became eligible for citizenship actually became citizens far less than members of other immigrant groups and also fewer learned the English language Lopreto, 1970, pp 56,66, 158 p111 "Jews and Italians get along with each other better than either does with the Irish" Ganz, J&I, 1970, p60 p113 American employers also cited an absence of initiative among Italian immigrant workers and a consequent need for costly supervision of them. The lack of initiative among Italian immigrants also reflected their southern Italian backgrounds, where initiative would have been resented rather than rewarded p135 Implacable revenge against enemies of the family was a long-standing and deep tradition in China Lyman 1974 p10 - again, as in Italy p185 mbuttice commercial sales of Negro slaves began after the conquest of northern Africa by the Arabs in the eighth century. Arab slave traders penetrated down into the center of Africa..Arabs were notable as the most cruel of all slave masters Phillips LLOS 1963 p9 p194 black population became differentiated in a new pattern based on occupational roles under slavery, on the date of family emergence into freedom, and on proportion of white ancestry p222 proprotion of one-parent, female-headed black families increased from 18 percent in 1950 to 33 percent in 1973 - from double the white percentage in 1950 to more than triple the white percentage in 1973. Despite attempts to depict this as a "legacy of slavery," one-parent female-headed black families were a rare phenomenon in earlier times, even under slavery p283 native-born Americans of Cuban, Japanese, Mexican, Negro, or Filipino ancestry are overtaken by immigrants of the same respective ancestry Chiswick-Fellner AEI 1979 p333-4 p289 black civil rights movement has been strongly supported by Jews, whose economic and cultural history is radically different from that of blacks. Conversely, the advanceent of blacks has been bitterly fought at various stages of history by the Irish whose incomes and occupations were long similar --- Glazer & Moynihan Beond Melt Pot MIT 1963 p35 West Indians, in contrast to that of the Southern Negro, emphasized saving, hard work, investment, education p37 Chinese-owned business is, in proportion to their numbers, forty-five times as great as the income of the Negro.. Jews, Greeks, and Armenians, while not as specialized as CHinese, show a similar history p45 Negroes do place a high value on education.. Parents continually emphasize to children te theme of the importance of education as a means of getting ahead; and this is true among the uneducated as well as the educated, the failures as well as the successful p81 New York Negro minister is in general far less cautious in indicating his preferences than the white minister p121 Puerto Rican has entered the city in the age of the welfare state p165 Jewish families break up lss tha non-Jewish ones.. Jewish parents still seem to hover more over their children and give them shorter rein for exploration and independence than other middle-clbutt American parents. THe results seem to be that there is more neurosis among Jews but less psychosis. Hillinghead & Redlich Wiley 1958 The fault of Jewish family relations is in the strength of the tie that binds; but the radical disorders that result from the absense of such a tie are less common among Jews than non-Jews p168 plus 1 Some East European Jews followed the German Jews into the Republican party, and some, like other immigrants, went into the Democratic party. But at least as many became strong SOcialists. It was for this reason, as well as because the Irish held tenaciously to their posts, that Jewish progress in the Democratic party was slow p200 By contrast, the problems of the Italian children stemmed from a too strong, too rigorously ordered family, which did not value education p201 The difference in Italian enrollment between Hunter and City College reflects the role of Catholicism in the process of Italian adaptation to American norms of high education. THere were more Italian girls in Hunter because of the sequence of Catholic presidents there and because, in accordance witht he Catholicpreferred practice, Hunter is was not coeducational p274 The future of the Irish in New York Politics will be profoundly affected by events within the Catholic CHurch, which is, and for a generation at the very least, will remain, essentially an Irish Catholic Church p286 The function of Catholic education has been primarily pastoral (or has been widely regarded as such). Educators such as Professor John J O'Brien have presented the thesis "that the present social result of past American Catholic decisions in the field of education has been to establish a system of schools which have, ... tended to encourage the development on their students of certain qualities which render them more or less ineffective in any effort to reconstruct American society along lines consonant with Catholic principles." He desscribe these qualities as "negativism, a faulty operational perception of the order of virtues, provincialism, and a certain moral-intellectual arrogance" SocialOrder, 12#2 2-62 p292 Prior to the 1930's Jews contributed significantly to the ethnic pattern of New York politics by virtue of their radicalism. This kept them apart rom the Catholic establishment in the Democratic party adn the Protestant regime within the Republican party p296 Although the argument could certainly be made that the American Catholic CHurch ought to be the first to object to the spectacle of civil servants composing government prayers, and although many Catholic commentators noted that the decision strenghtened the case for private Church-sponsored schools, the general Catholic reaction 1962 School Prayer was most hostile. The Jesuit publication America, in an editorial "To our Jewis h Friends," declared that Jewish efforts to buttert an ever more strict separartion of church and state were painting the Jewish community into a corner, where it would be isolated from the rest of Americans p314 Religion and race seem to define the major groups into which American society is evolving as the specifically national aspect of ethnicity declines --- Kornich (CUNY), Underachievement, ChasThomas SpfdIl 1965 LC65-16650 66-09071 Pierce & Bowman Motvn Pttn Suprr HS Students p251 higher-achieving students reported that they had been more active in school-related activites.. valued the concepts school, work, and imagination more highly.. more active in religious groups.. mothers held higher educational aspirations for their children.. engaged in more educationally related activites (music, science, church school? ancestral language?, etc).. first-born or only child.. Small families produced proportionately more high achievers than did large families Bernard Rosen (orig Am Soc Scty 8-57) Race, Ethnicity and the Achievement Syndrome p253-5 "new" immigrant groups which settled primarily in the Northeast, the Greeks and Jews have attained middle clbutt status more rapidly than most of their fellow immigrants. In general, ethnic groups with Roman Catholic affiliation have moved up less rapidly than non-Catholic groups. And the vertical mobility of Negroes, even in the less prepressive environment of the industrial Northeast, has been relatively low.. many Jews came to America with occupational skills better suited to urban.. Both the Greeks and Jews were quicker to develop effective community organizations.. many Jews and a small but influential number of Levantine Greeks had come from small towns or cities, while most of the Roman Catholic immigrants from Eastern and Southern Europe (and SOuthern Negroes before their migration to the North) came from rural communities cit Sklare TheJews FP 1958, Burgess GreeksinAm 1913, Saloutos S Atl Q 4:68 plus 1-82 1945, BCROsen AmSoclgRvu 21:203-211 1956 p260 Jews expect earliest evidence of self-reliace from their children (mean age 6.83 years), followed by the Protestants (6.87), Negroes (7.23), Greeks (7.67), French-Canadians (7.99), and Italians (8.03) p261 Puritan Ethic with its concept of work as a "calling" and the exhortation that a job be done well. Of course, not all Protestants would be equally comfortable with this tradition; it is much more applicable, for example to Presbyterians and Quakers than to Methodists and Baptists p262 Protestants, Jews and Greeks place a greater emphasis on independence and achievement training than Southern Italians and French-Canadians p267 cultures of white Protestants, Jews, and Greeks stand out as considerably more individualistic, activistic, and future-oriented than those of Southern Italians, French-Canadians, and Negroes.. Like protestantism, Judaism is an intensely individualistic religion and the Jews are intensely individualistic people p268-9 In some respects, Greek and Jewish cultures were strikingly similar at the turn of the century. The ethos of the town and city permeated the Greek more than most other Mediterranean cultures, although only a small proportion of the population was engaged in trade - with the important exception of the Levantine Greeks, who were largely merchants. The image of the Greek in the Eastern Mediterranean area was that of an individualistic, foresighted, compebreastive trader. Early observers of the Greek in America were impressed by his activistic, future-oriented behavior. E A Ross, a rather unfriendly observer, wrote as early as 1914 that "the saving, commercial Greek climbs. From curb to stand, from stand to store, from little store to big store, and from there to branch stores in other cities - such are the stages in his upward path. cit Saloutos p71 Though separated by thousands of miles, French-Canadian and Southern Italian culutres were similar in many respects. Both were primarily peasant cultures, strongly influenced by the Roman Catholic Church. Neither could be described as activistic, individualistic or future-oriented. In Southern Italian society the closed-clbutt system and grinding poverty fostered a tradition of resignation - a belief that the individual had little control over his life situation and a stress upon the role of fate (Destino) in determining success. The living conditions of French-Canadians, although less harsh, were sufficiently sever to sharply limit the individual's sence of mastery.. Extended family ties were very strong in both groups: there is the SOuthern Italian saying, "the family against all others;" the French-Canadian farmer in need of help will travel many miles to hire a kinsman rather than an otherwise convenient neighbor. Irnicannly, although Negroes are usually Protestant (however, not ordinarily of the Calvinistic type Condi Rice is Calvinist Preby) and have been exposed to the liberal economic welfare ethic longer than most p273-4 cit Williams AmSoc 1951, Woods CultValAmEthnGr 1956) Protestants' stress upon formal education.. Jews have placed a very high value on educational.. Southern Italians, school was an upper clbutt insbreastution, not an avenue for advancement for their children, booklearning was remote from everyday experience, and intellectualism often regarded with distrust. French-Canadians, although not hostile to education and learning, were disinclined to educate their sons beyond the elementary.. Greeks - generally no better educated than Italians or French-Canadians - on the whole were much more favorably disposed towards learning, in large part because of their intense nationalistic identification with the cultural glories of Ancient Greece (footnote: Attempts by Mussolini to create a similar bond between his people and ancient Rome, or even the more recent Renaissance were unsuccessful. French-Canadians for the most part have long refused to be impressed by the "secular" achievement of European anti-clerical French society) This identification was strengthened by the relatively hostile reception Greeks met on their arrival in this country, and is in part responsible for the rapid development of private schools supported by the Greek community and devoted to the teaching of Greek culture - an interesting parallel to the Hebrew School among American Jews.. 96 per cent of the Jewish, 88 per cent of the Protestant, 85 per cent of the Greek, 83 per cent of the Negro (much higher than was anticipated), 64 per cent of the Italian, and 56 per cent of the French-Canadian mothers said that they expected their sons to go to college p278 achievement motivation is more characteristic of Greeks, Jews, and white Protestants than of Italians, French-Canadians, and Negroes. The data also indicate that Jews, Greeks, and Protestants are more likely to possess achievement values and higher educational and vocational aspirations that Italians and French-Canadians. The values and educational aspirations of Negroes are higher than expected, being comparable to those of Jews, Greeks, and white Protestants, and higher than those of the Italians and French-Canadians. Vocational aspirations of Negroes, however, are the lowest - = - Vasos-Peter John Panagiotopoulos II, Columbia'81+, Bio$trategist BachMozart ReaganQuayle EvrytanoKastorian ---{Nothing herein consbreastutes advice. Everything fully disclaimed.}--- Pataki+JebBush in 2008!
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